Democracy in Pakistan
Democracy is the system of government where the power lies in the hands of the people, and in the context of Pakistan
Democracy is the system of government where the power lies in the hands of the people, and in the context of Pakistan, it has been both a dream and a challenge since the country’s creation in 1947. The founders of Pakistan, particularly Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, envisioned a democratic state rooted in justice, equality, and Islamic values. However, the journey of democracy in Pakistan has been rocky, facing constant interruptions from military regimes, political instability, and a lack of strong democratic traditions. After independence, Pakistan adopted a parliamentary system, but soon after, internal conflicts, weak political institutions, and a growing influence of the military began to undermine democratic development. The first constitution came in 1956, yet within two years, it was replaced by martial law. General Ayub Khan’s takeover in 1958 marked the beginning of a long cycle of military interventions, with elected governments being repeatedly ousted or sidelined. This interference distorted the democratic process, leading to public mistrust and weakening institutions like the judiciary, legislature, and election commissions.
Even in periods of civilian rule, democracy in Pakistan has struggled with issues like corruption, dynastic politics, weak governance, and lack of accountability. Political parties often revolve around personalities rather than ideologies, leading to a culture of patronage and favoritism. Elections, though held regularly in recent years, have been marred by allegations of rigging, manipulation, and interference by non-political forces. The role of media, civil society, and judiciary has been both supportive and critical, depending on the context, yet these pillars are also under pressure due to censorship, threats, and politicization. Despite these challenges, the people of Pakistan have shown a strong desire for democratic governance. Voter turnout, political engagement, and public awareness campaigns have increased significantly, especially among youth and urban populations. Pakistan's democracy is now more participatory than ever before, with social media and technology giving citizens a stronger voice.
Parliamentary debates, court rulings, and press freedom are examples of democratic elements functioning even amid adversity. The passage of the 18th Amendment in 2010 was a landmark in strengthening parliamentary sovereignty and provincial autonomy. However, democracy cannot be sustained merely by holding elections. True democracy demands rule of law, independent institutions, a free press, respect for human rights, and the inclusion of all voices, especially women, minorities, and marginalized groups. Education and awareness play a crucial role in nurturing democratic values. A literate and informed citizenry is better equipped to question leaders, demand transparency, and make informed electoral choices. Unfortunately, a lack of civic education and widespread poverty often prevents citizens from fully participating in democratic processes.
To make democracy stronger in Pakistan, reforms are needed in electoral laws, party financing, and judicial independence. Civil-military relations must be redefined, with all institutions working within their constitutional boundaries. A culture of tolerance, dialogue, and mutual respect must replace political polarization and hate speech. It is also vital that democratic norms are taught from school to university level, encouraging future generations to believe in peaceful political engagement. Democracy in Pakistan has come a long way, and while it has many flaws, it remains the most inclusive and just form of governance. The resilience of the people, the vision of our founding fathers, and the commitment of democratic forces offer hope that Pakistan can one day achieve a truly vibrant, representative, and accountable democracy. As citizens, it is our duty to participate actively, hold our leaders accountable, and never give up on the democratic process. A democratic Pakistan is not just a political ideal—it is a necessity for peace, prosperity, and justice for all.
I had the opportunity to meet with the dynamic & distinguished faculties track course.
Jessica Moniqa
